Green Transportation System For Sustainable Campus Environmental Sciences Essay

Green movement or manageable transport alludes to the any travel which does non influence non-sustainable power source and delivers less destructive effect on nature. For case, strolling and cycling, green vehicles, auto pooling, theodolite situated turn of events, human-controlled transport, sustainable power source travel or exchange travel, and different signifiers of securing movement framework that are less fuel expend, boundless productivity, minimal effort, and advance solid way of life. The term green movement came into utilization as the general public is turning contribution in the builds of economical advancement that expects to â€Å" run into the requests of the present without trading off the capacity of future coevalss to run into their ain needs. † ( DESA,1999 ) . It used to portray habits of transport, and frameworks of movement arranging, which are increasingly point of convergence on natural concerns. Furthermore, there are numerous meanings of green transport, and some related term, for example, manageable portability. One such definition, from the European Union Council of Ministers of Transport, practical travel mean: â€Å" Permits the essential course and advancement requests of people, organizations and society to be met securely and in a mode predictable with human and environment health, and advances value inside and between continuous coevalss. Is Low-cost, works sensibly and speedily, offers a pick of movement way, and supports a competitory monetary framework, each piece great as adjusted territorial turn of events. Cutoff points transmissions and waste inside the planet ‘s capacity to retain them, utilizes inexhaustible assets at or beneath their paces of coevals, and utilizations non-sustainable assets at or underneath the paces of advancement of inexhaustible substitutions, while limiting the effect on the use of land and the coevals of clamor. † ( 2001: 8 ) The builds of green transport were created before the expression was imagined. The main sort of transport is strolling and which other than is the most economical. After the development of open mentor by Blaise Pascal in 1662, the open transport day of the months back. ( Alfred, 2008 ) . Proceed with the expanded riches during the station war mature ages which brought an interest for more prominent versatility for human and products. In any case, open putting resources into strolling and bicycling declined significantly in the Great Britain, United States, and Australasia despite the fact that this did non happen to a similar degree in territory Europe or Canada. ( Pucher, J. and A ; Dijkstra, L. ,2003 ) ; ( Transportation Research Board, 2001 ) . At the point when the emergency of oil and vitality during 1973 and 1979, point of convergence on the maintainability of this assault got across the board. The limitation and expanding money related estimation of powers prompted a recovery of inclusion in alternatives to singular occupancy vehicle travel. A review by the United States Federal Highway Administration ( 2004 ) which discharge in 2004 presumed that an of import constituent of generally national movement conspire need a progressively proactive assault to travel request. A practical transport framework exists to gracefully monetary association and cultural, and individuals rush get the odds by expanded portability. The expanded versatility is acceptable, yet we have to gauge its points of interest from the feature of cultural, financial expense, and natural that movement framework presents. Transportation framework has high natural effect, representing between 20 % and 25 % of universe vitality ingestion and C dioxide radiations. ( World Energy Council, 2007 ) . Fitting to the exploration, the gas spreads from movement which add to the nursery result are expanding at a quicker rate correlation with other vitality using area ( U.S Environmental Protection Agency, 2002 ) . In this manner, a legitimate movement arranging is required. A practical travel framework must flexibly handiness and portability to society in natural well disposed way of transport. This is a hard endeavor when the requests and requests of individuals with various pay are as often as possible clashing. For representation, if a great many people are non endeavor to hold their ain vehicle or non endeavor to use open movement, they need to either walk or sit bicycle to work. Build another sheltered base for walkers and bicyclers may require the detachment of course unbounded from mechanized traffic or chop down the speeds of vehicles. The two stages could result in abridging versatility of auto clients. Likewise, steps to chop down air contamination at a similar clasp may strife with those required for decline in course mishaps. For case, builds the mean speeds of vehicle may chop down the radiations gas yet may follow in expanding the mishap rates. Moreover, a large portion of the specialists arrangement paperss and open medicines on travel are more worry about the air contamination. People groups view the health work attributable to contamination are as deserving of open activity while those because of mishaps work as inferable from single mistakes. As an outcome, a large portion of the arrangement paperss covering with reasonable improvement ever incorporate alternatives for contamination decline. In design green movement is more eco-friendly, yet just in contrasting and some standard vehicles. It despite everything will loan to traffic clog and course thumps. In spite of the fact that there have a cluster of transport picks with truly low natural effect, for example, human-fueled vehicles and other quicken being controlled movement, yet the most well-known transport picks with the least ecological effect are cycling and strolling. By going for to stroll or bike, it help to chop down nursery gas transmissions, expanded wellbeing profits by a progressively dynamic way of life, and a diminishing in the occurrence of respiratory grumblings related with hapless air quality. ( The City of Chicago ‘s Official Tourism site, 2010 )1.2 Problem StatementPresents, progress coordinations is a basic nexus in the transport framework. They have expanded the productivity, cost, and reliability aspects of our features of our bringing framework comprise of terminal flexibly connection. No netheless, the natural effect that cause by the visual part of travel toward the high fuel ingestion, clamor contamination, progressive modification from the movement of quiver, and the mishap is currently at the genuine level of the manageability issue have been recognized to come into â€Å" concordance terdepan † contention comprehensively. Numerous individuals have confidence in the hypothesis of pinnacle oil, which imply that there is a sure point in cut when our oil creation will top out, thus fall into abrupt reduction. In any case, timing that extremum is difficult at the best. A few specialists accept that gasolene and Diesel fills will in any case play a significant capacity by twelvemonth 2050 ( World Energy Councils, 2007 ) , however their biofuel part will be significant and we are currently at the â€Å" Twilight mature ages † of non-renewable energy sources creation. Different specialists we may hold each piece numerous as hundred mature ages before top oil happens. Regardless of whether we are venturing out to come up short on oil or non will be non the main issue. As we probably am aware, petroleum product is non sustainable and we are making a trip to run out in sometime in the not so distant future. Do we require to venture out to increasingly outsider vitality progress building ( power module vehicles? ) , or can bettering fuel belongingss further let us to continue using consuming motors to control our vehicles? Other than taking S, ought to at that spot be less sweet-smelling in energizes? Ought to aromatics be disposed of? What fuel belongingss can even now be improved in gasolene and Diesel? Is there a capacity for oxygenates in gasolene and Diesel? Could we and would it be a good idea for us to chop down our reliance on unpleasant oil for travel vitality? Does intermixing oxygenates in energizes help or block in achieving the natural finishes? To compound the situation, I realize that around 250,000 new movement enter Malaysian streets physically, and the open transport is nil to yell roughly. This figure had expanded the car influx work in Malaysia. The congested driving conditions can affect the socio-economy of the state. Each twenty-four hours, congested driving conditions cost the state in term of clasp, natural contamination, and squandered vitality. Other than that, it causes emphasiss which in a roundabout way increment the unwellnesss of our society.1.3 Research aimThe motivations behind this examination are to: Investigate the maintainable transport which is sheltered, monetarily achievable, socially worthy to individuals, topographic focuses, merchandise and enterprises in grounds. Study/examination current travel arrangement of University Malaya. Suggest the use of cycling/strolling as an attainable Green movement in University Malaya.1.4 Research QuestionBased on my examination study, I will have the option to answer the requests as adherents: What is green travel framework? What are the arrangements that ought to be incorporate to achieve supportability in grounds? What is the most fit transport for a student? Why students ne'er consider to walk or bike in grounds? Who should capable to the natural effect of the travel? Who are engaged with do the green transport? Why green travel frameworks play a significant capacity in campus?1.5 Literature reappraisalIt is continuously clear that advanced ways of life in flush social orders, and the portability conduct related with such ways of life, are non predictable with the insurance of natural quality, the proficient utilization of assets, and the exposure of cultural cognizance and only conveyances of possibilities and expenses of using transport frameworks. ( Donaghy, Rudinger, Poppelreuter, 2004 ) . There is currently wide comprehension known to man that current inclinations in transport are non supportable. Numerous bookmans have presumed that cardinal changes in building, structure, activity, and subsidizing are required. The build of maintainability each piece great as the natural effects, vitality ingestion and value issues brought about by transport are talked about. Numerous metropoliss going up against such basic occupations as road turned parking lot, traffic contamination on condition, and low productivity of

Liquid Sunshine-Beneficial Fad or Human Carcinogen Research Paper

Fluid Sunshine-Beneficial Fad or Human Carcinogen - Research Paper Example Examinations before long found the evil impacts of long haul presentation to radium. The utilization of radium as helpful operator was ceased, yet the casualties of this metal passed on excruciating passings. In 1900s, radium turned into a treatment alternative for some ailments of the day. Notwithstanding, its prevalence as an advertiser of wellbeing before long declined. This paper targets relating the ascent and fall of radium as a restorative specialist. Radium (nuclear number 88) is a radioactive antacid earth metal, having a place with a similar gathering as calcium and barium (Radium, 2009). Its radioactive nature makes radium a luminescent metal that gleams in obscurity. Radium is a rot result of radioactive uranium 238. Nobel laureates Pierre and Marie Curie found this metal in 1898. Marie Curie got her subsequent Nobel Price for Chemistry in 1911 for her work on radium and polonium (Pasachoff, 1996). Pierre Curie was the main researcher to advocate the clinical employments of radium. Pierre presented his arm to radium for a long time, which caused a consume that took numerous months to recuperate. He presumed that ailing cells might be annihilated by introduction to radioactivity and that radium could be a potential solution for malignancy and skin maladies (Clark, 1997; Pasachoff, 1996). The aftereffects of Curies trailblazing research on impacts of radium launch this component to moment acclaim. Radiation treatment with radium turned into a standard treatment for malignant growth, generous tumors, moles, and even facial hair (Clark, 1997). By mid 1900s, radium bound water was publicized as a remedial operator for a large group of different issues (Clark, 1997). This radium water was called fluid daylight as it was viewed as an enchantment remedy for better wellbeing and longer life (Rosch, 2004). As radium was costly, radon, a result of radium rot, was utilized frequently to pr oduce radium water (Clark, 1997). Radium water was recommended as germicidal, antibacterial, and antifungal to treat illnesses, for example, diphtheria, intestinal sickness, typhoid, and liver infections (Clark, 1997). Numerous

Lets Talk Spoiler Myths

Lets Talk Spoiler Myths Lately I’ve noticed an uptick in very heated spoiler debate online and I suspect, in the book community at least, it’s about to get a whooooole lot hotter at the end of the month when Harry Potter and The Cursed Child begins its run at the end of the month and the script is released the following day. So let’s talk spoilers, people. Specifically, let’s talk myths about spoilers. Spoiler Myth #1: Spoilers are “not a thing.” Anyone who says this should be thrown in side-eye jail on the charge of extreme smarm. This is obtuseness for obtuseness’ sake; of course spoilers are “a thing.” They may not be a thing that matters to you, but they exist. Far be it for me to pull a “The dictionary defines ‘spoiler’ as …” but it’s there. You know what it means. You know when you’re doing it. Don’t be cute. When you say spoilers arent “a thing,” what you are saying is that they don’t matter to you and therefore shouldnt matter to anyone else. But guess what? You dont get to decide what matters to other people and what matters to you isn’t necessarily more important or correct than what matters to them! Next! Spoiler Myth #2: If spoilers actually ruin the reading or viewing experience for you, that means you are either not a sophisticated reader/viewer or the book/film/series you are consuming itself is too plot-heavy. I’ve seen various permutations of this, and they all reveal the same smug superiority of Myth #1. Caring about spoilers is not bad or anti-intellectual. Spoilers are value-neutral. The idea that viewers or readers spoiler preferences reflect on the quality of the book/series/film is especially baffling to me because there is rarely consensus. Any book, series or film, no matter how theme- or character-centric, will still have viewers or readers who prefer to avoid spoilers. Commonly-held wisdom about stories is that “it’s not the destination, it’s the journey.” For some that means they dont mind knowing where a story ends up, because the pleasure is in knowing how it gets there. Others prefer to be entirely lead by the storyteller and for the “destination,”   as well as the journey, to surprise them. It is okay to determine your own viewing or reading experience to the best of your ability (emphasis on your ability; we’ll come back to that one later). There is no “right” or “pure” way of experiencing a story and anyone who tells you otherwise is simply trying to feel better about themselves. Ignore them. Spoiler Myth #3: No one should ever discuss or read spoilers in advance because that is not how the artist intended for their work to be consumed. I’ve got two words for these people: Barthes, baby. The author is dead even if they’re alive and well. They put that beautiful art out into the world; their intentions and their preferences for how people interact with it is not their business. Let it go. Spoiler Myth #4: “People” (or often, “the internet”) should refrain from publicly discussing anything that could constitute a spoiler for [X period of time]. I suspect this is the most contentious one, but sorry spoiler-haters: the “spoilers are a thing” I talked about above cuts both ways. Spoilers are real. They’re a fact of life now and there is no putting the genie back in the bottle. There will never be a Universal Spoiler Accord for when it becomes appropriate to discuss the events of a book/series/film because a) some people don’t care, and b) the speed with which people consume media varies widely and is based on a host of different factors: their job, their location, their budget, their family situation, etc. The list of people you can reasonably ask to refrain from discussing spoilers includes your close friends and family when they are in direct conversation with you. End. of. list. Spoiler warnings are a courtesy. Refraining from mentioning spoilers is a courtesy. It is nice when people do these things and as a general rule we should all try to be as courteous as possible! However, you simply are not entitled to police other people’s public discussions. And there is never any excuse for barging up to a stranger or into their mentions to yell at them about it. (Please note that I am referring to the average reader or viewer who have consumed media on or after its release date here. Professional reviewers or anyone who receives screeners or arcs should avoid spoiling stories either on their social media or in their reviews in advance of the release. However, reviews =/= recaps or essays. If you read the latter two, it’s probably safe to assume they will include spoilers). If you are the one who cares about spoilers, the onus is on you to control your own reading or viewing experience. There are a variety of strategies for mitigating the risk of encountering spoilers online (mostly liberal muting), but the best one is to stay off the internet entirely. And believe me, I practice what I preach. When I wanted to wait until after Christmas to see The Force Awakens so I could see it with my family, I refrained from going online for two weeks. I even avoided my local comic store in case people were discussing it there. This was extremely annoying and inconvenient! It sucked! But it was my sucky, extreme annoyance and inconvenience to deal with and no one else’s. My spoiler position in summation: mind your own business and be nice! Do not judge or control how people choose to experience and discuss the stories that matter to them. The end. Also In This Story Stream View all spoilers posts-->

Gender Of The Gift By The Marilyn Strathern - 1099 Words

The book Gender of the Gift by the Marilyn Strathern is a detailed evaluation of the problems faced by women and the society at large in Melanesia. The study mainly focuses on the native’s culture with the guinea mead’s field report as the center of interest. The report encompasses mead’s adolescence and sexual traits. The book also reviews several other anthropological reports all around the area. The way in which the author reveals the state of the art is quite confusing although the method of revelation is satisfying. The section of the book helps to explain into details the dynamics of the anthropological field since Margret Mead left. The book has been written when the anthropology field is undergoing critical technological advancement. It is aimed at reaching generations that are experiencing problems with self-identification, power and over-ambitious objectives. This post-modern anthropology insists that the outside is of importance just like the inside (Strathern 1988:65). The foreign culture in the report has been disregarded due to lack of proper authenticity and instead the ethnography front page space has been taken over by the backstage field workers and self-questioning commentary. The author of the book has two conflicting set of ideas that she wishes to relay in her writing. She at first communicates messages on consciousness but at the same time writes a post-modernized book about anthropology. The issues she attempts to address are against theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Role Of Women in the Renaissance1645 Words   |  7 Pagesunder medieval feudalism, burst forth with new fervor and resulted in a new culture (Osmond 18). The most conspicuous of these changes were in the world of art and intellectual pursuits. The social structure of Italy and the culturally defined gender roles were not as affected as art and architecture. Early Renaissance Italy was a collection of city-states dominated by the families of power. One of the greatest of these was Florence, under the Medici family. Throughout Italy, the social structureRead MoreTrobriand Islanders-Malinowski and Weiner10855 Words   |  44 PagesEurocentric dichotomies typically presume that the private or domestic sphere is outside history (see Jolly and Macintyre 1989) and that womens nature is not only given but eternal. Essentialist elisions in Weiners work have already been noted (M. Strathern 1981). What is suggested here is the further point that in situating women outside history, Weiner has reproduced Eurocentric notions of an unchanging womens world. But womens worlds in the Pacific, though they may have remained virtually invisibleRead MoreDo Muslim Women Really Need Saving?7400 Words   |  30 Pagesviable position to take regardingthis rationale for war? I was led to pose the question of my title in partbecause of the way I personally e xperiencedthe response to the U.S. war in Afghanistan. Like many colleagues whose work has focused on women and gender in the Middle East,I was deluged with invitations to speak-not just on news programs but also to various departmentsat colleges and universities, especiallywomens studiesprograms.Why did this not please me, a scholarwho has devoted more than 20 years

The Cable Television s Target Marketing Process - 1764 Words

The cable television market continues to shift at such a rapid pace that the identification of market segments occurs at a parallel speed to technological advancements. Shifting populations, changes in demographic age groups, and the continued development of high aped internet ready devices continue to impact the pay TV marketplace. It continues to be a challenge to both identify and predict where these groups will evolve and how their media consumption demands change. It is incumbent upon cable providers to closely examine the shifts and deep market fragmentation when designing and launching new platforms to try and satisfy as many different masters as possible. The Xfinity X1 Entertainment Operating System attempts to do just that. The first step in the target marketing process is to define the marketing segments. Within the cable television industry there are several different directions that are possible. One could consider the general percentages of television viewers as a whole, how many subscribe to cable, how many us an internet streaming video service, or what percentage reject pay television all together. This approach, however, fails to examine the subscribers that exist now, how to keep them, and how to grow the consumers within this space through optional upgrades. The most obvious approach is to segment the existing customer base by a key demographic, age. Since economic standing, technological know-how, and product availability are all contributing factorsShow MoreRelatedMKT 365964 Words   |  4 Pagessegmentation TRUE Psychographic segmentation Used by marketers to group people by values, attitudes, personality and lifestyle The first step in market aggregation is to determine the primary demand trend within the targeted market TRUE The target market for dolls designed to embody the image of a proper Muslim woman is Arab parents as well as their Arab daughters TRUE As products enter the maturity stage of their product life cycle, prices tend to rise FALSE If the supply of a productRead MoreThe Impact Of Advertising On Marketing And Business861 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertising is one of the most important things existent in marketing and business today. If businesses did not advertise, their consumers would never be informed about any services or new products that they are promoting. It is important to advertise so that the business can aware their customers on their company and the products that they sell and keep them up-to-date. â€Å"The advertising campaign is about much more than creating a cool ad and hoping people will notice it. The campaign should be intimatelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Theodore Levitt s Marketing Myopia744 Words   |  3 PagesTheodore Levitt s original 1960 Harvard Business Review in 1960 Marketing Myopia addressed shortsighted in management, industry is a customer satisfying business and not a goods producing business (Levitte, 1960). The core meaning behind Levitt s Marketing Myopia is Levitt (2008), Every major industry was once a growth industry. But some that are now riding a wave of growth enthusiasm are very much in the shadow of decline. Others that are thought of as seasoned growth industries haveRead MoreEconomic Factors Of Cable Bahamas Ltd Essay2786 Words   |  12 Pagesvariables that influence a company s capacity to successfully do business. They may be helpful or harmful, and the same factor can have either a positive or negative impact depending on its current status or the type of business it is affecting. Although economic factors create the climate in which a business operates, the success or failure of any company also strongly depends on its own resourcefulness and ability to adapt to these external economic factors. Cable Bahamas Ltd. is the most technologicallyRead MoreMarketing Plan MKT 4216579 Words   |  27 Pagesschool teacher and three term governor of Ohio James M Cox. With more than 23000 employees in 15 states, Cox provides its 6.7 million subscribers with award winning services. Among them are: video, with high definition, digital video recorder, digital cable, and analog services; high speed broadband data with multiple speed choices; and digital telephone service. (www.cox.com) Current procedures require new subscribers to contact the company to set up new service and schedule an installation. This canRead MoreVirgin Media - Marketing Mix1509 Words   |  7 PagesVirgin Media Virgin Media began trading in early 2007, as a result of a merger between cable operator NTL:Telewest, and acquisitions of the VirginNet internet service provider, and Virgin Mobile. At launch, the new company heralded itself as being the first single provider of ‘quad-play (four-service) media in the UK. It has a strong marketing campaign and its broadband service in particular is popular with British customers, with the second Ââ€" largest subscriber base in the United Kingdom. ProductRead MoreMarketing Plan Phase 11325 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Marketing Plan – Phase I Paper Sony Electronics – SONO Stick University of Phoenix MKT/421 – Marketing Facilitator: Chris Ross April 23, 2007 Sony Electronics – SONO Stick Introduction The introduction of any new product can be and intense process for any company. The Sony organization is a large world wide corporation that since its inception has proven to work towards electronics innovation. The new product that Sony is reviewing is the Sono-stick and priorRead MoreMarketing Mix Paper1670 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing decisions generally fall into four categories; product, price, place and promotion. These categories together, are known as the marketing mix, or the 4 P s of marketing. Subject to the internal and external constraints of the marketing society, the marketing mix gives marketing managers controllable parameters to make decisions that are centered on customers in the target market. The ultimate goal of the marketing mix is to create value and generate a positive response for any organzitionRead MoreReality Television Economic Factors And The Production Of Television Programs Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesï‚ § Reality Television Economic Factors How many factors are part of the production of television programs in reality. When we feel pressure to provide the display, the producer will make money, this is how the process works, to assess the social structure in the media are suitable. I have found that, in this season, the main impact of the huge influx of reality TV show based on information from the actors, writers strike, advertisers trying to reach a large part of the total population, and theRead MoreFashion Channel Case3534 Words   |  15 PagesDana Wheeler, Senior Vice President of marketing for the Fashion Channel is reviewing a new marketing segmentation and positioning strategy. The Fashion Channel Company needs to strengthen its competitive position and is willing to spend an estimated $60 Million on advertising, promotion, and public relations in 2007. TFC’s main focus has been solely on fashion which is broadcast all hours of the day 7 days a week. This channel reaches close to 80 million viewers in US households with their main

William Faulkner Essay Free Essays

Gabriel Arcia 9 Honors English Mr. Settle April 18, 2010 William Faulkner’s Accomplishments William Faulkner stood 5’6† tall, but was a giant in the realm of Americans (Padgett). He is a great image of literature up to this date for his many contributions to American literary works. We will write a custom essay sample on William Faulkner Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now He has helped humanity discover how important literature and art is in America. He had accomplished more artistically over a decade than most writers in a lifetime (Padgett). Between the years 1927-1934, he had books published every year (Reuben). Many of his greatest novels were As I Lay Dying; Light in America, and above all, Absalom, Absalom. William Faulkner was known as one of the twentieth century’s greatest writers in history. He had special talents in drawing and writing poetry. His famous books made him president of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and he received the National Book Award for A Fable (Hoffman 15). William Faulkner was born on September 25, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi (Hoffman 13; Polk). William Clark Faulkner’s parents named him after his great-grandfather (Padgett; Polk). His parent’s names were Murry and Maud Faulkner. His three siblings were Murry, Jr. , John, and Dean, with William being the oldest. In September 22, 1902, when Faulkner was only five years old, he moved to Oxford at the urging of his father and stayed there for most of his life (Hoffman 13; Padgett; Polk; Reuben). This is where he received his baptized name, which was William Cuthbert Faulkner (Reuben). In the sixth grade, Faulkner grew bored with his studies and demonstrated his artistic talents (Padgett). In 1914, Phil Stone became Faulkner’s best friend and encouraged Faulkner in becoming a great author and writer. Hoffman 13; Padgett). While William Faulkner loved being an author, Stone was schooled at Ole Miss and Yale and eventually became a lawyer (Padgett; Reuben). In September 1919, Faulkner enrolled at the University of Mississippi, but never got a college degree (Frenz; Hoffman 13; Padgett; Reuben). Part of the main reason why Faulkner never received a degree was that Mississippi was one of the poorest states dur ing the time of the Great Depression (Padgett). He later dropped out after three semesters in November 1920. School was never on Faulkner’s mind. It was mostly his writings and artwork that inspired him day by day. Faulkner’s childhood sweetheart was a young girl named Estelle Oldham, who was very popular and attended many dances and parties (Padgett; Reuben). There were many barriers between them and the reason for that is Faulkner’s mother sent him to school and this opened a door for someone else to fall in love with Estelle. The man who eventually fell in love with Estelle was Cornell Franklin. They married in Oxford on April 18th, 1918; however, in 1929 Estelle divorced Franklin and married William Faulkner on June 20th (Padgett; Reuben). In 1931, Faulkner’s first daughter was born but died nine days later, but two years after his first daughter’s death, his second daughter was born and her name was Jill (Reuben). One of the best-known authors that influenced William Faulkner was Mark Twain. Mark Twain’s famous novels were The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (Polk). Faulkner was inspired by Twain’s famous novels and they led him to become an author. Faulkner’s first book published was The Marble Faun in 1924 (Hoffman 13). Other than being an author, Faulkner had a temporary job in a New York bookstore and the New Orleans Newspaper (Frenz). Faulkner took an application to join the U. S. Air Force too. In his application, Faulkner changed his name to Finchley, lived in the county of Middlesex, England, birth date was May 25, 1898, and his current civil occupation was student (Reuben). His application in the U. S. Air Force was denied. He was not allowed to join because they thought Faulkner was too short. Faulkner then decided to join the Canadian Royal Air Force. He took part in World War I during this phase of his life. (Hoffman 13). He was later discharged from his position in the Royal Air Force, but received a commission as the honorable second lieutenant on July 8, 1918. In 1932, Faulkner entered Hollywood as a motion-picture scriptwriter. This is where he worked for the 20th Century Fox and Universal Studios (Polk; Reuben). Faulkner’s tones in his novels were usually serious and even tragic (Polk). Faulkner’s fiction books discuss issues on sex, class, race relation, and relations with nature. In 1948, Intruder in the Dust was the most outspoken moral evaluation of relationships between blacks and whites (Frenz). Critics denounced his books with their emphasis on violence and abnormality. One of William Faulkner’s famous quotes is, â€Å"The past is never dead; it’s not even past† (qtd. n Reuben). In 1957, William Faulkner took two semester classes as Writer-in-Residence in the University of Virginia (Hoffman 15). In 1948, Faulkner was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters (Polk; Reuben). In 1949, William Faulkner received a Nobel Prize in literature and accepted it in December of 1950 (Hoffman 14; Re uben). William Faulkner was given the National Book Award for his collected stories in 1951. In 1955, he won the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award for A Fable (Hoffman 15). One of William Faulkner’s brilliant and best novels was The Sanctuary. His last book before he died was The Reivers and it received another. In July 6, 1962, William Faulkner died of a heart attack in Oxford at the age of 65 (Padgett; Reuben). Right after his death, Faulkner was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for The Reivers (Hoffman 15). One of his quotes in the Nobel Prize speech was, â€Å"The young man or women writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agency and the sweat† (qtd. in Padgett). William Faulkner has inspired American literature and history. He is known throughout the world, because he believed in his true dreams. He traveled from Japan to Nogan and many more places in the world to attend conferences and lecture many classes (Hoffman 15). Millions of people have failed once in their lives, but William Faulkner did not let failure get into his way. On a nice summer day, Faulkner was injured by a fall from a horse (Padgett). He did not let that fall stop him from his literary works. In every book Faulkner published, he reminded his readers of his universal values, which are love, honor, pity, pride, compassion, and sacrifice (Polk). Of course, there were many critiques on his books and genres, but he also had thousands of fans that enjoyed his books and his amazing artwork. Faulkner was raised in a normal family like everyone else is raised in the world, but he decided to come into it and make a difference in it. He pursued his dreams until he finally got hold of it and used it to change the world. A lot of people do not notice Faulkner’s hard work and effort, but one day everyone will realize the importance of this universal figure and appreciate William Faulkner for his amazing contributions to American literature. Rios How to cite William Faulkner Essay, Essays

The Catcher in the Rye Characters

'The Catcher in the Rye' Characters The Catcher in the Rye remains a singular creation, a novel that is wholly tied to the intelligent, immature, and tortured point-of-view of its main character, Holden Caulfield. In some ways Holden is the only character in The Catcher in the Rye, as everyone else in the story is filtered through Holden’s perception, which is unreliable and often self-indulgent. The end result of this technique is that every other character and their actions must be judged in terms of Holden’s evolution or lack thereof- are the people he meets really phonies or does he only see them that way? The fact that Holden’s Voice still rings true today, while his unreliable nature makes understanding the other characters a challenge, is a testament to Salinger’s skill. Holden Caulfield Holden Caulfield is the sixteen-year-old narrator of the novel. Intelligent and emotional, Holden feels lonely and alienated from the world around him. He considers most of the people and places he encounters phony- hypocritical, inauthentic, and pretentious. Holden strives to present himself as a cynical and worldly person who sees through everyone elses tricks, but at times his own youthful naà ¯vetà © shines through. Holdens cynicism can be viewed as a defense mechanism, employed to avoid facing the pain of adulthood and its accompanying loss of innocence. Indeed, Holden adores his younger sister Phoebe and cherishes her innocence, which he equates to inherent goodness. His fantasy of playing the role of catcher in the rye serves to highlight this point: since Holden cannot restore his own innocence, he yearns to protect the innocence of others. Holden is an unreliable first-person narrator. All of Holdens experiences and interactions are presented from his own perspective, so the reader never gets objective information about the novels events. However, there are hints Holden is describing something of a fantasy version of himself, as when the women at the Lavender Room laugh after Holden convinces their friend to dance with him. Holden is obsessed with death, particularly the death of his younger brother, Allie. Over the course of the novel, his health seems to disintegrate. He experiences headaches and nausea and at one point loses consciousness. These symptoms may be real, but they could also be psychosomatic, representing Holdens increasing inner turmoil as he repeatedly tries and fails to find human connection. Ackley Ackley is a classmate of Holdens at Pencey Prep. He has bad hygiene and isnt very popular. Holden claims to despise Ackley, but the two boys go to the movies together, and Holden seeks out Ackley after his altercation with Stradlater. There are hints that Holden views Ackley as a version of himself. Ackley brags about made-up sexual experiences in much the same way that Holden feigns worldliness and life experience. In fact, Holden treats Ackley rather similarly to how other people treat Holden at different points in the story. Stradlater Stradlater is Holden’s roommate at Pencey Prep. Confident, handsome, and popular, Stradlater is, in some ways, everything Holden wishes he could be. He describes Stradlater’s inappropriate seduction techniques with breathless admiration, while at the same time clearly understanding how terrible Stradlaters behavior is. Holden is too sensitive to be like Stradlater- notice how he describes the girl he likes in terms of her interests and feelings, not her physicality- but there is a part of him that wishes he was. Phoebe Caulfield Phoebe is Holden’s ten-year-old sister. She is one of the few people Holden does not consider phony. Smart and loving, Phoebe is one of Holdens only sources of happiness. She is also unusually perceptive for her age- she instantly perceives Holden’s pain and offers to run away with him in order to help him. For Holden, Phoebe embodies the lost childhood innocence that he is mourning. Allie Caulfield Allie is Holdens late brother, who died of leukemia prior to the start of the novels events. Holden views Allie as a perfect innocent who died before he could be corrupted by knowledge and maturity. In some ways, the memory of Allie is a stand-in for Holdens younger self, the boy he used to be before the loss of innocence. Sally Hayes Sally Hayes is a teenage girl who goes on dates with Holden. Holden thinks Sally is stupid and conventional, but her actions dont support this assessment. Sally is well-read and well-mannered, and her self-centeredness seems more like developmentally-appropriate teenage behavior than a lifetime personality flaw. When Holden invites Sally to run away with him, Sallys rejection of the fantasy is rooted in a clear-headed analysis of their prospects. In other words, Sally’s sole crime is not conforming to Holden’s fantasy about her. In turn, Holden covers his hurt at being rejected by deciding Sally is not worth his time (a very adolescent reaction). Carl Luce Carl Luce is Holdens former student advisor from the Whooton School. He is three years older than Holden. At Whooton, Carl was a source of information about sex for the younger boys. When Holden is in New York City, he meets up with Carl, who is now nineteen and a student at Columbia. Holden tries to get Carl to talk about sex, but Carl refuses and eventually becomes so frustrated with the incessant questioning that he leaves. Holden also asks about Carls sexual orientation, a moment that suggests Holden may be questioning his own sexuality. Mr. Antolini Mr. Antolini is Holdens former English teacher. Mr. Antolini is sincerely invested in helping Holden, offering him emotional support, advice, and even a place to stay. During their conversation, he treats Holden with respect and acknowledges Holdens struggles and sensitivity. Holden likes Mr. Antolini, but when he wakes up to find Mr. Antolinis hand on his forehead, he interprets the action as a sexual advance and leaves abruptly. It is unclear whether Holdens interpretation is accurate, however, as the gesture could simply signify care and concern. Sunny Sunny is a prostitute that Maurice, the elevator operator-sum-pimp at the hotel sends to Holden. She appears to Holden to be quite young and immature, and he loses interest in having sex with her after observing some of her nervous habits. Holden comes to see her as being worse off than he is- a lone moment of sympathy for the character. She becomes, in other words, a human being to him instead of a sex object, and he can’t bring himself to do anything. At the same time, his loss of sexual desire could be seen as a lack of interest in the female gender.

A Beginners Guide to Yoga essays

A Beginners Guide to Yoga essays Increasing back pain, raging stress, the onset of a migraine . . .who hasnt experienced some or all of these sensations at some time? Finding a cure for these discomforts would immortalize their discoverer and virtually ensure sainthood. Although not a panacea, yoga is a near cure-all for achieving relaxation and inner peace. Yoga, which means union or balance (1), dates back further than 2,500 years ago to the sacred Hindu religion. The ancient Rig-Veda (Knowledge of Praise) contains hymns created by kavi (seer-poets) able to look beyond their five senses. The hymns detail their ecstasies and insights, and form the basis of archaic Yoga (2). Devotees of Yoga today still seek these ecstasies and insights, and have various forms of Yoga to pursue to help them achieve them. Just like a flower can have many petals that extend from one stem, Yoga has many types that all share basic fundamentals. The four forms follow: 3. Raja Yoga (the science of mental control) 4. Gyana Yoga (the path of knowledge) While these forms of Yoga may appear disparate, in reality they complement each other. Raja Yoga, the science of mental control, contains three subdivisions, MantraYoga, Kundalini Yoga, and Hatha Yoga (3). All of these modes of Yoga target control of mental modifications and achieving the absolute. Hatha Yoga, the best known among them, seeks a transformation through physical purification and strengthening. The goal of Hatha Yoga is to magnify the awareness of the body and mind. Evolving from two Sanskrit words, Hatha literally consists of two planets: ha, which means sun, and tha, meaning moon. These two planets symbolize the two halves of the body and mind. Hatha Yoga aims to equalize these two halves to create a fully functioning individual. Conflict emerges, however, when one side typically overpowers the other yet is never completely liberated of its counterpart. Most people have been trained to favo...

Using the Spanish Word Fin

Using the Spanish Word Fin As a cousin of English words such as final and finish, the Spanish fin (pronounced approximately like feen would be), the masculine noun fin is usually used to refer to the end or completion of something. It is also used in some common phrases. Some examples of fin with its usual meaning: Muchos creen que el fin del mundo ser el aà ±o 2019. Many think the year 2019 will be the end of the world. Dice que Twitter es el comienzo del fin de la interaccià ³n humana. He says Twitter is the beginning of the end for human interaction. El fenà ³meno La Nià ±a llega a su fin, segà ºn expertos meteorolà ³gicos. The La Nià ±a phenomenon is coming to an end, according to weather experts. Todo tiene su fin. Everything comes to an end. (Literally, everything has its end.) La agencia estatal de inversiones deberà ­a abrir nuevamente a fines de julio. The state investment agency should reopen at the end of July. Salieron y caminaron hasta el fin de la calle. They left and walked toward the end of the street. La presidenta puso fin al suspenso. The president put an end to the suspense. A buen fin no hay mal principio es una comedia de William Shakespeare. Alls Well That Ends Well is a William Shakespeare comedy. (The Spanish title could be translated literally as There is no bad beginning to a good end.) Es el fin del sueà ±o americano. Its the end of the American dream. El fin can also refer to the purpose or goal of something (as does end in some contexts): El fin de la educacià ³n es la virtud moral. The goal of education is moral virtue. Los fines no justifican los medios. The ends dont justify the means. Phrases Using Fin One of the most common phrases using fin is fin de semana, a calque of the English weekend: Quiero que los fines de semana sean ms largos. I wish weekends were longer. Here are some other phrases using fin; translations other than those given may be possible: a fin de que (so that, in order that): Quiero abrir una escuela a fin de que todos participen. I want to open a school so that all can participate. (Note that the verb following this phrase is in the subjunctive mood. al fin y al cabo (when all is said and done, at the end of the day): Al fin y al cabo, somos arquitectos de nuestro propio destino. When all is said and done, we are the architects of our own destiny. en fin (phrase with a nebulous meaning used to refer to and sometimes downplay what has been expressed earlier): En fin, vamos a ver como realmente funciona. Anyway, lets see if it really works. fin de fiesta (grand finale): Ésta es la cancià ³n perfecta para un fin de fiesta. This is the perfect song for a grand finale. por fin, al fin (finally, at last): El iPhone 4 blanco por fin (al fin) ha llegado y es una belleza. The white iPhone 4 has finally arrived, and its a beauty. Sources: As is the case with most lessons on this site, sample sentences frequently are adapted from online sources written by native speakers. Sources consulted for this lesson include: Legox, blog de Gadhafy, EWTN, Menà ©ame, Clarà ­n, BNAmà ©ricas, MuyInteresante.es, La Coctelera, Cibercorresponsales, Javier Fernndez.

The U.S. Constitution and the Articles of Confederation Assignment

The U.S. Constitution and the Articles of Confederation - Assignment Example It also finds that the political philosophy depicted in these is that pertaining to the state rights. Introduction United States has operated under a set of two rules. One of these is the Articles of Confederation, which was ratified in 1781, in Maryland. The second one is the US constitution, which was ratified in 1788, in New Hampshire, and which has served to replace the Articles of the Confederation (Kimberly, 2009). There are certain similarities between the US constitution and the Article of the Confederation. These similarities are particularly depicted in the relationship between the states and the federal government and have also been pivotal in informing the federal government responsiveness. This paper responds to various questions regarding US constitution and the Articles of the Confederation. Response to Question 1 There are certain similarities between the US constitution and the Article of the Confederation. Section 1 of the article IV of the constitution accords cred it, as well as full faith to every state as pertains to records, judiciary and public acts. On the other hand, this can also be found in the Article of the Confederation and it is the pillar of section IV, in a move that is deliberately aimed at securing and perpetuating mutual friendship. Secondly, in section 2 of article IV of the constitution, it is stated that each citizen shall be accorded the privileges, as well as enjoy immunities from other states. In the case where a person flees justice from one state, the state reserves the right to demand for the arrest and submission to the state in which the person fled. This is also reflected in Article IV of the Article of the Confederation, in stipulating that except fugitives, vagabonds, and paupers, all other citizens are accorded privileges such as those of the natives in other states. Thirdly, Article IV of the confederate of states bars a state from seeking embassy, receiving embassy or according establishing treaties, among ot her ways, with other nations without the consent of United States congress. On the other hand, this is contained evident in section 3 of article IV of the constitution that no state shall engage territorial affairs without the consent of the congress. Thus, the similarities between the Articles of the Confederate and the constitution are felt in the area regarding the relationship between the states and the Federal government. This similarity has been accounted based on the fact that the Articles of the Confederate were very crucial in informing the making of the constitution, as far as the area of the state relations is concerned (Hall & Feldmeier, 2013). Response to Question 2 The provisions of the constitution, as had earlier served by the Articles of the Confederate of states has served in the making the federal government less responsive to the people’s needs. One area that can be seen is power distribution and limitation. As far as checks and balances are concerned, it may not be disputed that a desirable liberal system is that which contains various devices for limiting power via checks and balances. Such a system functions based on constitution and law, as well as based on interactions between the institutions and individuals. This is because the allocation of excessive powers to one arm would have been accompanied by the

Issues of Corporal Punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Issues of Corporal Punishment - Research Paper Example According to Farrell, the existence of corporal punishment has diminished in Western society, but the practice is still continued in non-western societies, and the politicians of the western society keep on trying to making this punishment method a part of their legal system. Corporal punishment has existed in schooling systems and questions have been raised against and support has been given in the favour of corporal punishment in educational institutes. Activities that are categorized as Corporal punishment includes: whipping, gagging, flogging etc. These activities were practiced in US as well as Europeans nations for several years. Graeme Newman, a supporter of Corporal Punishment has stated in his work that activities such as electric shocks that are listed under the corporal punishment regime should be assigned for even smaller degree of crimes (Howard, 2001, p.259). He supports this kind of punishment over prison period because he believes that this punishment is equal to the crime committed and prison period cannot be compare to the crime committed. He is even in favour of corporal punishment as he believes that punishment has lower economic costs as compared to prison period. Body History The history of corporal punishment can be traced back to the period of tenth century and its existence can be traced in the educational and legal system of Rome and Egypt. Certain nations were highly popular for using such way of punishing individuals, one of such nations was Sparta, and during this period this means of penalizing individuals was most commonly used. During the Roman period the minimum corporal punishment assigned to an individual was forty counts of strokes with a whip or lash on the back and in certain cases fasces were applied on an individual’s buttocks. Such punished were carried to the extent of making the criminal bleed and these punishments were made public with the objective of creating an example out of these punishments and to inflict fear in the citizens. During the 5th and the 15th century, same practices were conducted and encouraged by the churches of that period in Europe. Due to the educational system’s close attachment to the churches of that period, these methods of disciplining individuals were even adopted by educational institutes. This treatment was never opposed before the 11th century, during 11th century, it gain criticism as it was being used continuously to discipline children and the degree of this punishment was considered very high. Corporal punishment experienced a complete switch during the 16th century. During this period these punishments were made available for the public’s eyes to inflict fear in those who have never committed a crime or who were potential future criminals. During this period Roger Ascham was one of those who criticized the use of corporal punishment in educational institutes. Another popular criticizer was John Locke, he openly criticized its use in educa tional institutes and due to his continuous criticism, this way of penalizing children in educational institutes was banned by the policy makers and educators of Poland during 1783 and Poland gained recognition as the first country every to do so (Hastings, 1971, p.144). This way of punishing individuals gained further criticism during the 18th century by policy makers and

Ernest Hemingway and the African Safari :: Ernest Hemingway Essays

Hemingway’s Obsession with the African Safari In 1953, Ernest Hemingway and his wife, Mary, accompanied by photographer Earl Theisen, traveled to Kenya in what turned out to be the waning years of the grand African safari. Soon after, a wave of independence swept the continent, which had largely been under European domination since the end of the last century. And as people worldwide became increasingly aware of their environment and the threats to it, the notion of killing animals for sport began to be looked at in a different light. While the heyday of the African safari may be in the past, our society has legacies from that era that require knowledge of the safari. A key to understanding Hemingway is his obsession with the African safari. If hunting is the act of seeking, following and killing animals for food or for display, then the African safari is the act of doing all of those to big game, or large animals in Africa. African safaris usually used to take place on the eastern side of the African continent, but now can take part in any region of Africa. Most of Hemingway’s trips were taken in this region. The famous plane crash that he survived landed in Uganda, which is on the eastern coast. However, the trend has changed. The eastern countries that used to have safaris no longer have stable governments. Most safaris now take place in other parts of Africa, such as South Africa. South Africa, with the most stable government in the continent, provides a safer environment for hunters to enjoy their safari. The weather is an important factor in planning any safari. In South Africa, it rains a great deal during the winter months (their summer months), and very little during the rest of the year. Countries further up north have similar weather. The big difference comes in the difference in temperature. The temperature in South Africa is very temperate – during any safari season (which is from March to October) the lowest temperature will be around 35 degrees and the highest will be around 80 degrees. The rain hampers any attempt to have a safari the rest of the year. Clothing during an African safari is generally simple, layered and of a neutral color. Camouflage is generally not worn and wearing it in some areas is illegal.

Opeartions Humanities †War And Society Essay

‘May God bless our country and all who defend her,’ those were the last few words of Bush’s address to the US public about ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom’ on the 19th of March 2003. It might sound simple, but whatever was said before this made a difference to the lives of the Iraqis, Americans and the world. What were Bush’s intentions? Was it that simple, or was there a deeper meaning why he attacked Iraq? Firstly, President George Bush said.’ My fellow citizens, at this hour, American and coalition forces are in the early stages of military operations to disarm Iraq, to free its people †¦.’ It might be an honourable thought saving the world from the ‘powerful’ Iraq and helping the Iraqis. His purpose was for Iraq’s Self- Interest. He wanted to make sure there were no weapons powerful enough to endanger the world, he wanted to improve the well-being of the country and let the people get free from dictatorship. He wanted to defend the world. It was a noble thing to do for the world, but was it only for Iraq’s Self-interest? Could he have hidden agenda? As the United States and Iraq were involved in the 1991 Gulf War, their relationships were sour. By sending troops over to ‘free’ its people might actually mean to literally invade Iraq for revenge from the view point of some Iraqis. President Bush believed that the Iraqis to be free as they were restricted by their leader here. So if President Bush had achieved the support of the people, Iraq would not look like a country at all without support. In the other light, some of the Iraqis were indeed happy under Saddam Hussein, if President Bush sent troops there to tear the country up and turn it upside down, it would not help in any way at all except causing chaos. President Bush also said, ‘And you know that our forces will be coming home as soon as their work is done.’ President Bush should have withdrawn his troops after invading Iraq and found Saddam Hussein. The rest of the job should be left to the new government of Iraq. He could have supported the new government by providing arms, money food and not US troops after the change of leader. By doing this, he would be indirectly allowing the new Iraqi government to be independent and this would help them to mature and thus helping Iraq. I believed that Iraq’s self-interest did not serve as argument for the invasion of Iraq. It appeared to me that instead of freeing the people, it turned out to be creating more trouble for the country and people. Secondly, ‘Defend the world from grave danger,’ Bush stated. President Bush started the invasion as an act of self-defense. In the past few years, we had seen multiples terrorist attacks and the most major one being the destruction of the Twin Towers. After conformation, it was proven that the Al Qaeda (a terrorist group believed to be responsible for the bombing) was supported by Iraq, and also there were rumours that the Iraqis had Weapons of Mass Destruction in their control. President Bush wanted to find and eliminate the weapons of mass destruction and terrorists. Yes, I agreed that President Bush did not have many choices to choose from. In order to reduce the chances of another attack by the terrorists, and maybe the usage of the legendary Weapons of Mass Destruction, he had to send troops to attack Iraq for self-defense. Yes, I believed that we had to eliminate the two subjects, but was it possible? After losing the Gulf War in 1991, the Iraqis were hit severely and thus might not have the necessary equipments and facilities to build weapons of mass destruction. Also, conformations of the weapons should be clear before launching a search of it. The conformation should not be dependable on just what people thought or said. It should at least be seen. Who knows that maybe the weapon of mass destruction might be the Boeing planes that were used to destroy the twin towers, so President Bush should eliminate all the planes instead. Terrorists did not originate from Iraq, they could be found in many parts of the world, so why did President Bush want to eliminate the terrorists in Iraq only? It did not mean that by eliminating all the terrorists in Iraq would bring more peace to the world. Other terror groups might react violently and there might be more destruction. Instead, the US could have increase security and that would act as a psychological and physical barrier against terrorists from attacking the heavily secured areas. This would this deter the terrorists away and less harm would be done to both sides. ‘Prevention is better than cure,’ the US should be prepared at all times in terms of security and not give any chance to the terrorists. President Bush’s argument about self-defense was valid to a certain extend, but I believed that his methods used could be changed and a war might not be necessary. Internal security should be at a high level before considering attacking Iraq. Thirdly, ‘And helping Iraqis achieve a united, stable and free country will require our sustained commitment,’ commended President Bush. President Bush wanted to end the Saddam Hussein government and help Iraq become a democratic, self-rule nation. President Bush was using the argument of moral justice. He sent the US troops there to eliminate the leader and wanted to stop extreme tyranny, oppression and sufferings by war, as nothing else might work. President Bush wanted to save the innocent and was using the interest of altruism. War might be needed here but according to the actions of the US troops, the argument did not seem to stand. As altruism emphasizes the value of defending the innocent, the US troops were not doing so. It was part of war ethics not to harm or kill prisoners of war. From sources on the internet, US troops who were stationed at Abu Ghraib ( a prison where POWs are held), treated the prisoners of war in a very unrespectable manner. And tortured to a certain extend. So, did this mean ‘protecting the innocent prisoners of war?’ I know it was quite impossible for President Bush to look at this in a micro manner, but he could have at least educated the soldiers that torturing prisoners of war is a crime. Also, he wanted to help Iraq to become a democratic, self-rule nation, I believed he did not have the right to interfere and thus starting the invasion. The kind of ideology a country believes in should not be depended by other countries. A country should have the right to rule itself and ultimately benefit its people. Going back to the 20th century, we could clearly see how did the US tried to promote democracy and eliminate communism. US even went on to participate in wars that did not affect it as the US wanted democracy to be the worldwide ideology. The US might be fighting the war for a main reason, to promote democracy, and not free the people. President Bush did not free the people but instead tried to lock one ideology in the Iraqi minds. Does that mean ‘freeing the people?’ In addition, the war might be fought to prevent a new ideology from surfacing. Some people believed that a new ideology related to Islam might surface and thus threatening the survival of democracy which originated from United States. Islam is the most widely spread religion in the world. So it would not be difficult to influence the people into believing that there would be a new and better ideology. President Bush might be afraid of the growth of Islam and thus tried to use the argument of moral justice as a puppet. President Bush’s argument looked valid at first, but after reviewing what the US troops did, we could see the soldiers did not seem to bother about the war crimes even though President Bush wanted to free the people. Also, he should let the world have their choice of ideology, democracy or something else? Finally, ‘Millions of Americans are praying with you for the safety of your loved ones †¦.,’said President Bush. From this particular sentence, we could see that the Americans are concerned over the safety of the loved ones (US troops). President Bush wanted to ‘defend the world from grave danger’, and that meant that he loved the world or else he would not have such a thought. According to the argument of individuation and expression of love, the only way to show love is to be willing to die for what you love. If President Bush loved the world, he should been in Iraq, fighting the war as he would be willing to die for the world. In addition, if you love someone, you would not want the person to be hurt. By sending so many US troops into Iraq might cause them their lives. So does President Bush love these troops? Also in his speech he said, ‘†¦, with our Army, Air Force, Navy, Coast Guard and Marines, so that we do not have to meet it later with armies of fire fighters and police and doctors†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ From this, we could see that he actually wanted to prevent the civil defense to act but instead the military to do the job. This might mean that he actually loved the civil defense more as he did not want to ‘trouble’ them and thus sending the not-so-loved military over to the danger zones. President Bush’s argument might not be valid here. As we could see that not everyone was treated equally and this might bring harm or even death to a small group that sacrificed their lives. In conclusion, the arguments that President Bush gave in regards to the Operation Iraqi Freedom were invalid most of the time. Some of the arguments looked as if they were to cover up something else. In addition, the speech he made and the actions carried out were not the same most of the time and ‘actions speak louder than words’. Until now, we still did not know why did he attack Iraqi, but we knew he could have made other better choices instead of going for war. http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?040510fa_fact (article on prison) http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/03/print/20030319-17.html (speech)

The Significance Of Mao Zedong s Leadership Essay

Report of the significance of Mao Zedong’s leadership Part 1: Introduction Overview Over the course of Mao’s leadership from 1949 until his death in 1976 we can see the significance of his leadership and what made him a good and bad leader. Mao had made some very good decisions to help certain groups but also made some very bad decisions that paid the price, in some cases killing millions. Due to the social and economic changes that then followed by a significant increase in the population and weak leadership that led to rebellions from 1911 that saw the end of 3500years of rule by the Chinese imperial dynasties. The social and economic chaos then led to the formation of two political parties. The CCP, led by Mao Zedong and the GMD led by Chiang Kai Shek. Mao and his party defeated the GMD in 1949 bringing Mao into power. Mao’s main goal was to turn China into a pure communist country. Over the course of Mao’s leadership he did this by making significant social, economic and political changes to the Chinese way of life. However due to his poor l eadership and the faults that he made it caused people to oppose him and get in the way of his goal. That is why in 1966 Mao decided to assert his beliefs through a series of decisions, which came to be known as the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution was a hard time for many people throughout China as Mao enforced many things upon them to achieve his aim of removing capitalism. Mao used the youth of China to be thatShow MoreRelatedThe Current State of the CHinese Economic System759 Words   |  3 PagesShanghai as progressive, oppressive, and modern; yet, its growth has been rooted in older communist practices, given to much economic success and an uncertain future (â€Å"City of Dreams†). The changes that have taken place in modern China since the late 1970’s has grown its economy to unprecedented ends, and by unprecedented means. The transformation into an industrialized capitalistic society has catapulted its development into an uncharted realm, prompting much discussion on its future impact on the worldRead MoreCommand Analysis : The Chosin Reservoir Campaign1471 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough understanding the situation, visualizing the battlefield, leading the operation, and repeatedly assessing the current situation. Through the successful landing of the US 1st Marine Division at Wonsan, China s Chairman Mao Zedong, surprised by the landing, ordered the People s Volunteer Army 9th Army Group, commanded by Commander Song Shi-Lun, to destroy the United Nations Forces. The PVA 9th AG, â€Å"had secretly infiltrated through the mountains, marching by night and hiding by day from airRead MoreThe Significance of the Sino-Soviet Confrontation1850 Words   |  7 PagesGroup A-Question 2: Discuss the significance of the Sino-Soviet confrontation of 1960s–1980s for the Cold War dynamics in the Asia-Pacific. The Sino-Soviet confrontation of the 1960’s-1980’s had a significant impact on the Cold War dynamics of the Asia-Pacific through a number of factors. This period was a significant time of the twentieth century. The two largest communist states of the world, the PRC (Peoples Republic of China), led by Mao Zedong and the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)Read MoreAi Weiwei Marcel Duchamp - Debate Within the Art World Essay2977 Words   |  12 Pageswhere sunflower seeds were in abundance, whilst also reflecting on the injustice the fascist government did to his father’s freedom. The work is also considered a direct allusion to the demagogic principles of the former ruler of China, Mao Zedong. Chairman Mao is the sun, and his loyal followers are the sunflowers surrounding him; this is a metaphor for the unwavering obedience of almost all of the Chinese population under the rein of the communist leader. The seeds served as a symbol of Mao’sRead More Human Rights Violations of Chinas One Child Policy Essay4302 Words   |  18 Pagespopulation experienced massive increases and decreases of its magnitude. Consequences of civil and global wars before 1949 led to high death rates in the country. As country conflict came to an end, and new leadership, population growth was greatly encouraged by Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong. During this time, the size of Chinas population grew substantially, nearly doubling in size. Social and economic failures of the Great Leap Forward then immobilized population growth as the campaign resultedRead MoreDescription Of The Soviet Union2951 Words   |  12 Pagesquickly; but a significant amount of information regarding nuclear development was provided via spying. This espionage and the fear of communism prevalent in the US and bolstered by Congressman Joseph McCarthy contributed to the Red Scare during the 1950’s. This time saw Americans suspected of spying for the Soviets or having communist sympathies reported, arrested and/or punished, more often than not on false accusations. One such example was J. Robert Oppenheimer, a leading figure in the Manhattan ProjectRead MorePublic Bank Leadership7523 Words   |  31 PagesThe Leadership Style/ Approach of a Successful Organisational Leader in Malaysia PUBLIC BANK BERHAD Introduction (Public Bank Berhad) Established in 1966 by its Founder and Chairman, Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Dr. Teh Hong Piow, Public Bank is a leading provider of financial services in Malaysia with banking operations in Hong Kong and China, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and Sri Lanka. In Malaysia, Public Bank is one of the most efficient banks as reflected by its low cost to income ratio. Public BankRead MoreVenture Capital in China: Past, Present, and Future8156 Words   |  33 Pagessubsequent two decades proved to be tumultuous as the Great Leap Forward, the Three-year Natural Disaster, and the Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution wrought one catastrophe after another upon the Chinese economy (Spence, 1991). After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, Deng Xiaoping emerged at the top of the political order and introduced a new economic system that restored the concepts of responsibility and profit, reawakened individual initiative, and called upon the entrepreneurs to again play an importantRead MoreWill India Become a Superpower?11373 Words   |  46 Pagesmeeting, the leadership of the CPI was taken away from a gentle and very cultured Kumaoni named P.C. Joshi. Joshi wanted the Communists to collaborate with Jawaharlal Nehru s government in building the new nation. His replacement, an austere Maharashtrian named B.T. Ranadive, believed on the other hand that the tr ansfer of power from British to Indian hands was a sham, and that Nehru and his men were puppets of the Western imperialist powers. He took the Communists towards a new people s war lineRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesBusiness Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005

The Slavery Of The Black Race - 1508 Words

Tocqueville anticipated the future these three races. For the Native Americans, Tocqueville anticipated that they were bound to vanish. With a specific end goal to survive, they should be acculturated or begun a fight were one of the two races could vanish. What s more, Tocqueville anticipated that they will be secluded by the whites. For the Negros, he anticipated the racial blend will extend Negros race everywhere throughout the country. Additionally, they will be more acknowledgeable of their rights and battles will occur between those two races. Moreover, the bondage will be passed from one era to the next residual disgrace and disrespect to the Black race and hate to the white. At long last, Tocqueville proposed that intermix of†¦show more content†¦It makes one wonder as to which sex has God on their side. In the Declaration of Sentiments, a few regularly acknowledged standards are tested from a sex point of view. The difficulties the familiar way of thinking that men are superior to ladies. Emphasize that men and ladies were equivalent as of now. Right now, the familiar way of thinking was that men were better than ladies. Changing the custom took some time since it requires investment to change the ideas that individuals hold truly. Men and ladies are dealt with as equivalent creatures. This was advance as to the treatment of sexual orientation since many individuals held that ladies were the weaker sex. In Abraham Lincoln s (1858) banter with Stephen Douglas, he returns to the issue of subjection. Douglas put stock in holding servitude while Lincoln was for its cancellation. Douglas tries to paint the abolitionists like Lincoln as trusting that blacks were equivalent to white men. This was an emotive issue at the time since the Caucasians had a place, that had been associated to trust that they were the prevalent race. In this manner, any individual who recommended that the Caucasians were equivalent to the dark race was treated with doubt. Gi ven this was a political crusade for the Illinois political seat, it was vital that any applicant get the support of most of the general population. The lionShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The Black Race1526 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery and the black race in America cannot be separated since slavery is a big part of the history of African Americans from the 18th century to early 20th century. There are many issues to consider about slavery and the lives of the slaves at the period. One of those issues is the role played by women slaves in the societies of the time. Deborah White writes about how women slaves had a different life compared to the other white women and compared to the male slaves. However, it is the statementRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States1270 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome divided down the middle over slavery, a mainstay that helped the economic growth of this country? As the northern states population grew and expanded westward their anti-slavery beliefs bega n to spread faster than the pro-slavery beliefs of the southern plantation owners. This influx of an anti-slavery population began to use the senate as a platform to question the use of slavery, causing the southern elitists to strengthen their defenses in support of slavery. Many southerners feared theirRead MoreThe Science Behind Race1185 Words   |  5 PagesComplicity: The Science Behind Race â€Å"And thus in the Land of the Color-line I saw, as it fell across my baby, the shadow of the Veil. Within the Veil was he born, said I; and there within shall he live, - a Negro and a Negro’s son. Holding in that little head- ah, bitterly! - the unbowed pride of a hunted race, clinging with that tiny dimpled hand – ah, wearily!- to a hope not hopeless but unhopeful, and seeing with those bright wondering eyes that peer into my soul a land whose freedom is toRead MoreSlavery in America941 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery in America Does anyone know who really started slavery? Slavery first took place in North America, 1619 at a British colony of Jamestown Virginia† (Boles, John). This caused slavery to spread throughout the American colonies. Slavery had a huge impact on America and still does till this day. Slavery was nothing new when it came to America. It’s been going on since before the 1400’s.†Slavery had existed in Europe from classical times and did not disappear with the collapse of the Roman Empire†Read MoreEssay1003 Words   |  5 PagesEssay #3 Throughout history many races and cultures have been discriminated against for various reasons and there have been many different methods used to discriminate against them. To focus on one race in particular the African American race was discriminated for a long period and was discriminated in various ways throughout this time. The longest and most prominent method used was slavery, then after slavery ended segregation was another method, and lastly African Americans not being treatedRead MoreDemocracy in America by Alexis de Tocqueville1300 Words   |  6 PagesConsideration of Democracy, Blacks, and Slavery Tocqueville, in Democracy in America, dwells on the strengths and weaknesses of American democracy. When discussing race relations, he recognizes that the presence of the black race in America and the occupation of blacks in slavery could threaten the continuation of the United States as a Union and a republic. As a Union, the United States could be torn apart by the disparities between the North and the South and tensions between blacks and whites. As a republicRead MoreMiranda Fleming. Word Count: 1,674. 3/16/17. Defending1674 Words   |  7 PagesMiranda Fleming Word Count: 1,674 3/16/17 Defending Slavery: Religion and Race The history of slavery in the United States divided people by the color of their skin. During the 16th thru 18th century, people of African ethnicity were automatically considered slaves. This not only created a parceling between races but also the demarcation of the northern and southern states of the America. The northern states had asseverated their opposition of slavery while the southern states upheld their concordanceRead MoreRace And Slavery During The 18th And Early 19th Century1522 Words   |  7 Pages RACE AND SLAVERY Timothy Smeja History 103 Professor Ricciardi 3/20/2017â€Æ' During the 18th and early 19th century, race and slavery were contested subjects in the U.S. The definition of race during this era was not static, and one can find it in the essays written by such individuals as Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Cartwright, and Benjamin Rush. People supporting slavery used race as their main argument by highlighting the differences between Whites and Blacks. Works of Jefferson, CartwrightRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And Stephen Douglas1674 Words   |  7 Pagesspeeches with the topic of race, then Lincoln would have to defend himself. A week after these debates Lincoln was welcomed to Dallas City with a banner that read â€Å"Equality.† According to Miller, Lincoln was arguing in favor of â€Å"Negro Equality,† and was arguing that he saw slavery as a monstrous injustice and a huge moral wrong. He was against slavery in the territories but Douglas did not see slavery to be an evil. A senate seat was at stake for these two men and race was a key fo cus of debate.Read MoreAnalysis Of Virginia Plantation s The Slave Relationship 1321 Words   |  6 Pagesshows luxuries related to sex and power. That is, a white master, having sexual relations with black female and discipline African American man without any impediments. It can be inferred that that white master or white overseer is in complete control. In Document #2, Alex de Tocqueville, a French lawyer and statesman traveling through the United States examining the prison system describes race relations in the United States during the early part of the nine-tenth century. He notes that

Cry, the Beloved Country - 1064 Words

Essay Question #2 It has been said that the land is itself another character in Patons novel, Cry, the Beloved Country. What role does the landscape play in the novel? What does the valley surrounding Ndotsheni represent? Keep it, guard it, care for it, for it keeps men, guards men, cares for men. Destroy it and man is destroyed (Paton 33). In Cry, the Beloved Country, this bold statement reflects both the beauty of the land of South Africa and the peace and harmony of men. Both of their relations are solely dependent on the care that they receive and as of now, these relations are strained. Although Alan Paton never directly declares the importance of the land, the repetition of, There is a lovely road that runs from Ixopo into†¦show more content†¦Rather than boycotting the buses out of a slight degree of narrow-mindedness or by force, more benign actions should be taken to bring the blacks and the white closer together, not farther apart. Efforts to improve the natives social standing are still made; the white taxi driver took Msimangu and Kumalo to Alexandra, even though it was inconvenient for him, had a compassion for what was being done and perhaps even sympathy. These are small, but s teady steps to bring a mutual friendship and compassion to and for both peoples. To illustrate the differences of Ndotsheni and Johannesburg, elaborate details and distinctive tones of voice are used. In the country, Â…hills are grass-covered and rolling, and they are lovely beyond any singing of it (Paton 33). However, in the city, Â…noise is immense. Cars and buses one behind the other, more than he has ever imagined (Paton 47). The contrasting features of the country and of the city depict the very different lifestyles that the people experience. In the country, the people lead a more simple life, farming everyday and living with almost no crime. However, the people in the city are more corrupted and everywhere there is crime and illegal activity. The purpose of the portrayal of such opposite ways of life is to show how one person cannot always adapt to another kind of living. For instance, the young, unnamed girl who Absalom, KumalosShow MoreRelatedCry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton838 Words   |  3 Pagesthis problem in Cry, the Beloved Country. Throughout the story, Paton adds specific personalities to his characters to contribute to change. Characters in Cry, the Beloved Country went through hardships that changed them to realize reality and its outcomes. Paton accordingly creates a picture throughout his story to explain the problems in South Africa. There are many contributing factors of Paton’s idea to identify as being important for change to occur in Cry, the Beloved Country. In Paton’s bookRead MoreEssay on Racism Exposed in Cry, the Beloved Country1121 Words   |  5 PagesRacism Exposed in Cry, the Beloved Country      Ã‚  Ã‚   The purpose of Cry, the Beloved Country, is to awaken the population of South Africa to the racism that is slowly disintegrating the society and its people.   Alan Paton designs his work to express his views on the injustices and racial hatred that plague South Africa, in an attempt to bring about change and understanding. The characters that he incorporates within his story, help to establish a sense of the conditionsRead More Cry the Beloved Country Movie versus Film Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pages Cry, the Beloved Country is a moving story of the Zulu pastor Stephen Kumalo and his son Absalom. They live in an Africa torn apart by racial tensions and hate. It is based on a work of love and hope, courage, and endurance, and deals with the dignity of man. The author lived and died (1992) in South Africa and was one of the greatest writers of that country. His other works include Too Late the Phalarope, Ah, but Your Land Is Beautiful, and Tales from a Troubled Land. The book was madeRead MoreFamilies Breaking Apart in Alan Patons Cry: The Beloved Country 754 Words   |  3 PagesIn Cry, the Beloved Country, Alan Paton shows us how two families are breaking apart. The natives are suffering but they are not the only one who are suffering. A white person’s family is also falling apart. Stephen Kumalo is a native from Ndotsheni and he has trouble with his family from the start. John Jarvis is a white person and he is also experiencing trouble with his family. Stephen Kumalo’s family is in a bad condition. His sister, Gertrude, and his son, Absalom, left Ndotsheni a long timeRead MoreTurmoil in South Africa in Cry the Beloved Country by Alan Paton626 Words   |  2 PagesAgitation and turmoil of whites and blacks filled South Africa. A major theme that Alan Paton develops throughout the novel, Cry, the Beloved Country is the importance of acting with kindness. The author promotes the idea that kindness is a part of the solution to the problems in South Africa. Being able to be kind helps people understand one another which can help bring reform and hope to the small community of Ndotcheni. Alan Paton through the novel teaches the idea of love thy brother as yourselfRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country994 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Harrison in Cry, The Beloved Country While a subsidiary character in Alan Paton s Cry, The Beloved Country , John Harrison offers a glimpse into the attitude of the younger generation toward the black population in South Africa, one that seeks change but isn t always willing to exert the necessary effort. Who is John Harrison? People enter our lives all the time. Some become close friends. Others are here one day and gone the next. There are some with whom we rarely speak, but when weRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country1710 Words   |  7 Pages Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved Country takes place during the late 1940’s in Southern Africa. Specifically, in High Place, Ndotsheni, and Johannesburg. It takes place during a time of social change. There is racial inequality taking place during the late 1940’s. The novel shows what it was like to be living during this time. Cry, the Beloved Country has an urban and crowded feeling for most of the novel. This novel is written in past-tense, third-person omniscient point of view. Occasionally, theRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country1145 Words   |  5 PagesCry, the Beloved Country as a Quest Novel Human nature compels everyone to quest after things they have lost. In Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved Country Stephen Kumalo goes out in search of his family when his tribe is being torn apart by family members leaving and never coming back. He leaves Ndotsheni in search for his sister and his son, prompted by a letter from Reverend Msimangu in Johannesburg. Upon arrival in the great city, Kumalo meets Msimangu who leads him to to Gertrude. Kumalo reconcilesRead MoreCry, The Beloved Country953 Words   |  4 Pageschanges when a horrific event happens. Take September 11, 2001, for example. America was forever changed on that sunny, fall day. It was only after the fact that America started to implement actions against its enemies. In Alan Paton’s story Cry, The Beloved Country, there are people who are changed after a terrible event happens. James Jarvis, a white farmer living in South Africa, goes through a transformation in his life after his son is killed by a black man. After his son is killed, instead of beingRead MoreCry, the Beloved Country640 Words   |  3 PagesChange is often thought of as horrible things occurring that ruins one’s life, but change can also bring one’s life to a new start. In the book, Cry the Beloved Country, the author, Alan Paton, examines changes that can be challenging, but he refers to these problems as a necessity for progress. Paton identifies the experiences that occur in the characters of Stephen Kumalo, Absalom (Stephen Kumalo’s son), and James Jarvis and how it hinders a change in these people. Paton distinguishes these changes

A View of Strategic Hrm in a New Zealand Corporate Free Essays

| Strategic HRM It’s More Than Just a Policy| A view of Strategic HRM in a New Zealand Corporate| | Glenn Duncan – 0705186| 11/8/2011| | *NB: Something, Something Else, Something Else 2, Outside, Thingy, Doublecheck and Hirethem are all pseudonyms. Executive Summary: In this paper I aim to highlight the importance of ensuring that all aspects of the Strategic HRM policy of an organisation are functioning. This will enable the organisation to gain the maximum benefit from its investment in HRM and the resulting motivated and engaged employees. We will write a custom essay sample on A View of Strategic Hrm in a New Zealand Corporate or any similar topic only for you Order Now Job satisfaction is related to goal efficacy, management support, performance appraisal review, rewards, organisatioanl facilitation and clarity of goals; (Lee C, 1991). To be effective in any Strategic HRM policy an organisation not only has to â€Å"Talk the Talk’ they have to ensure they â€Å"Walk the Walk† right down to the perceived lowest levels of the corporate ladder. The corporate I was employed at generally had a very good Strategic HRM system; unfortunately there were issues with its execution in some parts of the business. I will highlight three areas in my experience as a line manager where the division I was in was less than adequate at â€Å"Walking the Walk†, and the effect I felt this had on my team’s performance in the key areas of goal setting, performance management and personal development. Poor planning, ineffective goal setting, a dysfunctional reporting system and lack of cohesion in line management and HR and impersonal development are major roadblocks to the success in achieving the HRM goals of an organisation. My findings were that to ensure a HRM plan is effective an organisation has to ensure that it has sufficient suitably skilled and resourced HR experts and line managers, Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and timely (SMART) goals, supported by a reporting system that is both robust and accurate. Just having a Strategic HRM policy in place doesn’t give you the strategic advantage an organisation needs to compete in today’s markets, ensuring that it is effective from the boardroom down to the lowest rung on the corporate ladder does. Introduction: Something * is a fully owned subsidiary of the Something Else* under Something Else 2*, the consumer brands arm of the corporate, based in Melbourne Australia. Something* is a strong market leader and operates in the competitive Thingy* market in New Zealand. The department within Something* this paper will focus on is the Field Sales Team in the Outside *department. The Other* department markets nothing products to any retail or foodservice outlet that is not a supermarket. Other* channel contributes 20% of the volume, but over 50% of the gross margin. Something Else* as a corporate organisation operates what would be considered a world leading Strategic Human Resource Management policies and practices. This is evidenced by the inclusion of a board sub- committee whom assist the Board in fulfilling its corporate governance responsibilities in relation to the recruitment, retention, remuneration policies and to promote a safe and healthy working environment. Something Else* overall corporate strategy is developed by the Executive Committee, an eight member team from various disciplines lead by the CEO. The executive committee includes the Group Director Human Resources whose role includes responsibility for Something else*16,800 (Full Time Equivalent) staff worldwide with a focus on recruitment, reward strategy, capability management, organisational development, health and safety, training and employee relations. Fonterra seeks feedback from its employees through regular engagement surveys and forming various committees to ensure employee considerations are taken into account on numerous different levels. Something Else* factory workers in generally under collective agreements. Something Else’s* salaried staff are on individual employment contracts, and are performance managed using an HR framework known as Doublecheck*. This framework drives performance, development, succession, talent management and recruitment processes. It incorporates Something Else’s* performance objectives and values and links through to remuneration. The outcomes of Doublecheck*are designed to create opportunities for Something Else’s* people to develop both as individuals and in their careers. Something Else* outsources some of its HR functions including recruitment of salaried staff to organisations such as Hirethem*. The performance management quarterly reviews are focused on Key Performance Indicators (goals) and a range of competencies based on the organisations values: * Co-operative Spirit * Do What’s Right * Challenge Boundaries * Make it happen Something *employs the same HR format as its parent company. The GM of Human Resources is a valued member of the Senior Leadership Team which takes input from Something Else* corporate and various departments to decide the both the financial and strategic goals of the company. The HR team consists of a General Manger, HR Manager, and two HR Advisors. Payroll and Recruitment search are outsourced. Something*uses Something Elses’s* Doublecheck framework to performance manage and develop its salaried employees. Figure 1 – Reporting Structure – something* Ltd – Outside – Field Sales TeamFigure 2 – Something* Ltd – Strategic HRM System Whilst the intentions of the Something* HRM system are robust, the execution of some key elements of the HRM process are dysfunctional and fail to add value to the process. I will focus on three important factors of the HRM process: * Goal setting (KPI’s – Key Performance Indicators) * Performance Management (KPI progress at quarterly reviews) * Employee Personal Development I will present my argument using the HRM Performance casual chain, Source: Adapted from Purcell, J Hutchinson S (2007). ‘Frontline managers as agents in the HRM Performance casual chain: theory, analysis and evidence† Human Resource Management Journal 17(1), p. 7. Which I feel shows the consequences of failing to execute HRM strategy logically. Figure 3 – HRM Performance Casual Chain: Source: Adapted from Purcell, J Hutchinson S (2007). ‘Frontline managers as agents in the HRM Performance casual chain: theory, analysis and evidence† Human Resource Management Journal 17(1), p. 7. Goal Setting: Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s) At Something* Key Performance Indicators are set by senior managers using financial data and strategic initiatives from the annual business plan, passed down through the line managers for their respective department. These Key performance indicators will usually include core goals such sales volume / value, speed to market of new product launches, customer count. HR Practice Theory; Something* through the Doublecheck* framework was to set five to six SMART KPI’s and measure an employee’s participation in company activities against a set of competencies based on the Something Else* values. Progress against these were to be reviewed and feedback given / received at quarterly intervals. HR Practice Reality; Frequently the planning of the company was not complete in time for the start of the financial year, company goals were often to be achieved in a 10 month period rather than a 12 month period. This delay also had impact on other areas of planning which leads to a further delay in arrival of the tools the team required to achieve their goals. Goals were also derived from corporate strategy and had little relation to do with the Outside* market. Often in Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies the majority of the strategic focus goes on sales through the high volume supermarket (Key Account) or the Foodservice channel, there often was a lack of in depth understanding of any other channel. Whilst a good deal of this was outside of the overall HRM control, it greatly affected the results the team could achieve against their KPI’s and hence morale and the reputation of senior management. Employee Perception; Employees feel a disconnect from the setting of goals and become increasingly frustrated when poor management decisions and failing to meet timeframes impacts on their ability to meet KPI’s. At reviews employees often questioned the leadership team’s knowledge of the â€Å"out of Home† market the team operated in. â€Å"Knowing you are being judged on your performance but having to either chase unrealistic goals or mark time and wait can be sole destroying† Something*employee. Employee Motivation / Organisation Performance; Employees do their best to strive for goals however a sense of confusion over priorities and clarity results in a lack of motivation, end result is very rarely do KPI’s get achieved, performance reviews are filled with reasons why targets were not met (covering the backside). Performance Management: The Doublecheck* framework for a quarterly review consisted of an employee self-assessment of performance against KPI’s and competencies; this was sent to the line manager prior to the planned appointment. The line manager would compare the employees perceived performance figures against company top line figures. During the meeting the performance against KPI’s and competencies of the employee would be discussed and encouragement given or plans put in place to improve performance. HR Practice Theory; It is the intention of the company to provide accurate data around the employee’s performance relative to the actual market performance. This would lead to a positive conversation about achieving KPI’s and how to ensure this continues or alternatively a conversation about how to lift the employee’s performance to make up any short falls and obtain the goals set for the year. HR Practice Reality; Due to internal database issues quite often only top line data could be used, drilling down into data resulted in more questions than answers. The combination of inaccurate data and lack of clarity in the KPI’s resulted in a great deal of time spent at performance reviews comparing and or justifying data between what the company believed to be accurate and what the employee believed to be accurate. This caused unnecessary angst between both parties. . Employee Perception; Employees felt there was a double standard in the outputs of the company; employees were expected to strive for excellence in their output, as measured in the competencies, whereas the company was permitted to produce less than satisfactory reporting. Employees considered this to go against Fonterra’s value of â€Å"Make it Happen† which focuses on a climate for success, exceptional results, stepping up, take accountability, plan thoroughly, perseverance and celebrate success. The team expressed that they felt let down by the company in the pursuit of their personal and company’s goals. Employee Motivation / Organisation Performance; For the majority performance reviews become conversations over missed opportunities, time delays and excuses. Quite often segments are cut and paste from previous reviews. The process fails to motivate even the high performers. Employee Personal Development: Central to Something Else* HRM strategy is a desire is to attract, retain and develop people of the highest caliber, by believing that learning is an integral part of each employee’s role, learning and development especially when done on the job, dealing with real issues and challenges. It is stated that identification and accelerated development of key talent is critical to Something Elses*success. HR Policy Theory; The Doublecheck*system has a segment where an employee discusses their career aspirations with the line manager with input from HR and agree a realistic career goal. Line managers then work with the employee and the HR team to map out a pathway of development allowing the employee to reach these goals over time. This pathway was to include training, coaching and mentoring. HR practice Reality; Something*under direction from Something Esle2* purchased a generic set of sales courses intended over time to develop a high performance sales team. Unfortunately this generic course was very â€Å"key Account â€Å"focused and again had little relation to the Outside* market. This action took out of play the HR department’s allocated budget intended for personal development towards career goals for each team member. Employee Perception; Members of the team generally felt that they were being disadvantaged by being sent of generic courses they felt did not improve their skill base, knowledge or chance of advancement in Fonterra as a whole. They felt they were being treated as a herd instead of individuals. Training was catering for the lowest common denominator and did not challenge the high performers. Employee Motivation / Organisation Performance; If employees, especially the high performers (who can be high maintenance due to their driven nature), perceive they are not being rewarded by development / progression they ask why should my performance be better than another employee if there is nothing in it for me. Overall result is a decline in motivation across the board. The Role of the Line Managers: Line Managers are tasked with the role of executing a great deal of the HRM policies for Something*, yet generally speaking, the amount of training given to line managers on the intricacies of HRM is minimal. Employees are greatly influenced by the HRM practices they experience of line managers, these can be both positive and negative, a good manager can make poor HR policies work whereas good HR practices can be negated by poor line manager people management or leadership skills. (Hutchinson, 2007) The relationship between employees and Line Management is important in in? encing the employees’ views of the support received or available from the organisation as a whole, both at the functional transactional level and in the corporate climate, this often determines the attitude towards organisational commitment and outlook towards the job. (Hutchinson, 2007) Conclusion: It is considered that SomethingElses* overall HR strategy is very robust and the corporate intention is to run a world class Strategic HRM system. At Something* I believe that the overall strategy is not achieving its goals. This was generally caused by a lack of cohesion between various departments which in turn lead to delays in the planning processes. The delays in the planning process ultimately affected the ability of all employees to meet their KPI’s causing stress and friction between competing employees. At times, it appeared that some senior managers were primarily focused on obtaining their own KPI’s, often to the detriment of the overall company goals. At Something* the HR personnel ratio to employees of approximately 100/1 (excluding the GM HR who was generally focused on strategy) caused issues. HR team members were not able to spend sufficient time with the line managers in discussions / planning around employees. When time was spent with the HR team it was generally pressured and not of great quality. There was also a lack of a cohesive approach by HR and line managers to the review and performance management process, each Line Manager generally went about the process the best way they knew how, hoping they were following the correct procedure and delivering the same message. It is argued that perhaps line managers should not be heavily involved in the HRM process as studies have shown in the undertaking of performance appraisals, management implementation was usually irregular within organisations and that the actual practice was also subject to significant variations of quality (McGovern P) and to further evidence to this argument were the findings: also to be taken into account is the short-term nature of managerial activity which leads to a tendency to put a greater priority on the achievement of the budget numbers, rather than the achievement of objectives through the team. McGovern P). My argument is who better than to review an employee’s performance than the Line Manager who on a daily basis has to work closely with the employee, a HR person jumping in from time to time unaware of the daily challenges would not gain the same insight as a Line Manager does. When discussing the issues around requiring accurate data for reporting on KPIâ€℠¢s and the angst this would cause with HR, a Line Manager would get the distinct impression that the HR advisor did not completely understand the numbers or jargon being used. (Brown, 2001) writes: Ann Boswall, vice-president of human resources and one of six members of top management team at Imperial Tobacco in Montreal, adds, â€Å"It is absolutely essential for HR to do a better job of learning about the business outside of their own department†. With regards to personal development, sending experienced sales teams on generic courses is a tick box exercise; according to the verbal feedback I received, if a post course survey was carried out the over whelming response would have been that no real learning experience has taken place. (T Short, 2010) writes: The failure to evaluate learning events and show positive business results was clearly linked to an undervaluing of training and development investment among senior managers. Recommendations: Ensure the corporate planning process has sufficient time allowed to achieve its goal of presenting a business plan that is able to be executed for the full twelve months of the financial year. This would take a great deal of pressure off the business as a whole. Setting SMART goals that give clarity of direction to the wider team and are specific to each departments channel not generic companywide goals. Even in a company with a goal-setting procedure that had been in use for over ten years, content-related problems with goals (such as lacking goal clarity or conflicting goals) were key predictors of goal commitment and job satisfaction. (Bipp, 2011) The HR department has to be resourced such to permit the Strategic HRM plan to be implemented from the top down. Not having the resources to penetrate and spend time where it counts most left the HR team performing mainly transactional duties such as recruitment and disciplinary activities. Green, 2002) writes: For over a decade, HR leaders have been striving to become business partners. They want to have a strategic impact on their organizations; however, many are struggling to make this transition. The primary reason for lack of progress in this endeavor is that HR analysts, the staff who carry out this mission, are still trained and reinforced in the traditional, transactional mindset. In order for the entire HR department to be consi dered strategic in nature, the HR analyst must learn critical consultative skills. p. 111) To counter this a 2004 Cranet survey indicated that people responsible for HRM activities have a growing proportion of members educated in business related studies, 43% in New Zealand from a business studies background. (E Rasmussen, 2010). Training of both the HR team to understand requirements of each department they deal with and equally training Line Managers in people management skills would help with alignment of HR Personnel and line managers in their duties within the HRM framework. This activity would go a long way to improving the overall performance of the HRM framework and the job satisfaction of employees within Something*. (Hutchinson, 2007) writes: It is often observed that there is a gap between what is formally required in HR policy and what is actually delivered by FLMs. The way FLMs undertake their HR duties of selecting, appraising, developing, communicating, involving, etc. , is inextricably linked to a wider set of what are increasingly called leadership behaviours, which aim to in? ence employee attitudes and behaviour and give direction. These two aspects of FLMs’ roles can be brought together in the term ‘people management. Implementing the above as a bare minimum would greatly improve the overall performance and moral of the Outside* sales team at Something*. Literature Sources: 1) http://www. SomethingElse*. com 2) http://www. something*. co. nz 3) http://scholar. google. co. nz. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz/ 4) http://search. proquest. c om. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz 5) http://web. ebscohost. om. ezproxy. aut. ac. nz References: Bipp, T. (2011). Goal-Setting in practice. Personell review, 40(3), 318. Brown, D. (2001). HR’s role in business strategy: still a lot of work to be done. Canadian HR Reporter, 14 (9), 20. E Rasmussen, T. A. , N Hawort. (2010). Has the Strategic Role and Professional Status of Human Resource Management peaked in New Zealand. Journal of industrial relations, 52, 103 -118. Green, M. E. (2002). Internal human resources consulting: Why doesn’t your staff get it? Public Personnel Management, 31(1), 111-119. Hutchinson, P. a. ( 2007). Front-line managers as agents in the HRM performance causal chain: . Human Resource Management Journa, 17(1), 3-20. Lee C, B. P. , Earley C, Lock E A. (1991). An Empirical Analysis of a Goal Setting Questionnaire. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 12( No. 6), pp. 467-482. McGovern P, H. -H. V. , Stiles P. Human resources management on the line? Human Resource Management Journal, 7(4). T Short, R. H. (2010). Challenges in aligning workplace learning with business goal. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 50(2), 381. How to cite A View of Strategic Hrm in a New Zealand Corporate, Papers